Programming in Java
Object Oriented in Java
Advanced topics in Java
Tutorials Access Specifier in java
Java has four types of access specifiers and they are declared as following :
a. public :
public int a;
b. protected :
protected int b;
c. default (no specifier) :
int c;
d. private :
private int d;
All access modifiers can be understood with the following examples :
case 1 : Access variables within the class.
class A
{
public int a=10;
protected int b=20;
int c=30;
private int d=40;
void show()
{
System.out.println("a="+a+" b="+b+" c="+c+" d="+d);
}
}
class CheckMain
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj= new A();
obj.show(); // all variables may be printed as they are used within the class.
}
} case 2 : Access variable in the subclass of the same package.
class A
{
public static int a=10;
protected static int b=20;
static int c=30;
private static int d=40;
}
class B extends A
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println(“a=”+a);
System.out.println(“b=”+b);
System.out.println(“c=”+c);
//System.out.println(“d=”+d); uncommenting this line will give error..
} //..as private variable cant be used here.
}
case 3 : Access variable in the non-subclass of the same package.
class A
{
public int a=10;
protected int b=20;
int c=30;
private int d=40;
}
class B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj= new A(); // need to create objects to access properties of another class without inheritance.
System.out.println(“a=”+obj.a);
System.out.println(“b=”+obj.b);
System.out.println(“c=”+obj.c);
//System.out.println(“d=”+obj.d); uncommenting this line will give error as private variable cant be used here.
}
}
case 4 : Access variable in the subclass of a different package.
package pkg1;
class A
{
public static int a=10;
protected static int b=20;
static int c=30;
private static int d=40;
}
package pkg2;
import pkg1.*;
class B extends A
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("a="+a);
System.out.println("b="+b);
//System.out.println("c="+c); uncommenting this line will give error as default variable can not be accessed outside package.
//System.out.println("d="+d); uncommenting this line will give error as private variable is out of scope
}
} case 5 : Access variable in the subclass of a different package.
package pkg1;
class A
{
public int a=10;
protected int b=20;
int c=30;
private int d=40;
}
package pkg2;
import pkg1.*;
class B
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj= new A(); // need to create objects to access properties of another class without inheritance.
System.out.println("a="+obj.a); // only public variable may be accessed here.
//System.out.println("b="+obj.b);
//System.out.println("c="+obj.c);
//System.out.println("d="+obj.d);
}
}